Resource library
Every free source this manual relies on, grouped by subject, with who publishes it and the date we checked it.
We fetched every page below on 2026-10-19 and read it before citing it. We check every link again once a year; the next check is due 2027-10-19. Agencies and makers change their pages, so a page here may have moved or changed since. No link carries a referral or tracking code, and we receive nothing from any of these organizations. The key in brackets after each entry is how the chapters and tables refer to it.
A page listed here is a source we relied on for a specific fact, not an endorsement of the organization or of anything it sells. Where a company's own help page describes its product, the description is the company's.
Courses and curricula we compared
Listed as references only. Prices are not shown; several are paid. We are not affiliated with any of them.
- Personal Cybersecurity Bootcamp: Build Your Digital Shield. Udemy, instructor Alexander Oni (course vendor). [CUR-UDEMY-BOOTCAMP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Digital Self-Defense: The Complete Cyber Security Course for Personal Users. Coursera, Packt (course vendor). [CUR-COURSERA-PACKT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cybersecurity for Everyone (University of Maryland). Coursera, University of Maryland, instructor Dr. Charles Harry (university via course vendor). [CUR-COURSERA-CFE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cyber Security: Essentials (Macquarie University). Coursera, Macquarie University Cyber Skills Academy, instructor Matt Bushby (university via course vendor). [CUR-COURSERA-MQ] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Thinking about Cybersecurity: From Cyber Crime to Cyber Warfare. The Great Courses, Professor Paul Rosenzweig (course vendor). [CUR-TGC-ROSENZWEIG] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cybersecurity at Work (2025). LinkedIn Learning, instructor Caroline Wong (course vendor). [CUR-LIL-WORK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Online Safety Training: Cybersecurity Basics for Everyone. Udemy, Nick Mendez / TeachMeIT (course vendor; free course that promotes the vendor's other courses). [CUR-UDEMY-OST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Internet Safety (LearnFree, formerly GCFGlobal). LearnFree, Inc. (formerly GCFGlobal), North Carolina (nonprofit education site). [CUR-LEARNFREE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- DigitalLearn: Being Safe Online (three courses). DigitalLearn.org, Public Library Association (nonprofit, library association). [CUR-DIGITALLEARN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Introduction to cyber security: stay safe online (The Open University). The Open University, OpenLearn, developed with support from the UK Government's National Cyber Security Programme (university). [CUR-OPENLEARN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- CISA: Individuals and Families / Cybersecurity Awareness Month. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (agency). [CUR-CISA-4] Checked 2026-10-19.
- National Cybersecurity Alliance: Cybersecurity Awareness Month 2026 ("Core Four"). National Cybersecurity Alliance (nonprofit), co-leads the month with CISA since 2004. [CUR-NCA-CAM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cyber Survival Guide. National Cybersecurity Alliance (nonprofit). [CUR-NCA-SURVIVAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- OUCH! Newsletter (SANS Security Awareness). SANS Institute (training organization; free newsletter "designed for everyone"). [CUR-SANS-OUCH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- AARP Fraud Watch Network: Scams & Fraud. AARP (nonprofit). [CUR-AARP-FWN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Senior Planet from AARP: privacy resources and classes. AARP / Senior Planet from AARP (formerly OATS) (nonprofit). [CUR-SENIORPLANET] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cyber-Seniors Cybersecurity Center. Cyber-Seniors Inc. (nonprofit; student volunteers; supported by a CIRA Net Good Grant). [CUR-CYBERSENIORS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Consumer Reports Security Planner. Consumer Reports (nonprofit). [CUR-CR-PLANNER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to Spot Misinformation Online (MediaWise for Seniors). The Poynter Institute, MediaWise (nonprofit journalism school). [CUR-MEDIAWISE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Making Sense of the News: News Literacy Lessons for Digital Citizens. Coursera, The University of Hong Kong and The State University of New York (university via course vendor). [CUR-COURSERA-MSN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Civic Online Reasoning. Digital Inquiry Group (formerly Stanford History Education Group) (nonprofit research group). [CUR-DIG-COR] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Checkology Virtual Classroom. News Literacy Project (nonprofit). [CUR-NLP-CHECKOLOGY] Checked 2026-10-19.
Accounts, passwords, two-step sign-in and passkeys
- NIST SP 800-63B-4, Digital Identity Guidelines: Authentication and Authenticator Management. National Institute of Standards and Technology (standards body, US agency). [NIST-63B-4] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use Strong Passwords (Secure Our World). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (agency). [CISA-PW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Turn On MFA (Secure Our World). CISA (agency). [CISA-SOW-MFA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- More than a Password. CISA (agency). [CISA-MFA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Implementing Phishing-Resistant MFA (fact sheet). CISA (agency). [CISA-PRMFA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Implementing Number Matching in MFA Applications (fact sheet). CISA (agency). [CISA-NUMM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Mobile Communications Best Practice Guidance. CISA (agency). [CISA-MOBILE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cybersecurity Awareness Month. CISA (agency). [CISA-CSAM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use Two-Factor Authentication To Protect Your Accounts. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [FTC-2FA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protect Your Personal Information From Hackers and Scammers. FTC (agency). [FTC-PROTECT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Recover Your Hacked Email or Social Media Account. FTC (agency). [FTC-HACKED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protecting Consumers from SIM-Swap and Port-Out Fraud (Report and Order, FCC 23-95). Federal Communications Commission, via the Federal Register (agency, legal text). [FCC-SIM-2023] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Two-factor authentication for Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-2FA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use the Passwords app to create, manage, and share passwords and passkeys across Apple devices. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-PASSWORDS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About the security of passkeys. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-PK-SEC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use passkeys to sign in to websites and apps on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-PK-IPHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set up a recovery key for your Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-RECOVERY-KEY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set up a recovery contact for your Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-RECOVERY-CONTACT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Turn on 2-Step Verification. Google (platform maker). [GOOGLE-2SV] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Sign in with backup codes. Google (platform maker). [GOOGLE-BACKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set up recovery options. Google (platform maker). [GOOGLE-RECOVERY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Sign in with a passkey instead of a password. Google (platform maker). [GOOGLE-PK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Get started with Google Password Manager / Change compromised passwords. Google (platform maker). [GOOGLE-PM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to use two-step verification with your Microsoft account. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-2SV] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Microsoft to stop sending SMS codes for personal accounts. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-SMS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Create and save a passkey / What are passkeys and why they matter. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-PASSKEY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- View or edit your passwords in Microsoft Password Manager. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-PWMGR] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Microsoft Authenticator FAQs / Export passwords from Microsoft Authenticator. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-AUTH-FAQ] Checked 2026-10-19.
- FIDO Passkeys: Passwordless Authentication. FIDO Alliance (standards body, industry consortium). [FIDO-PASSKEYS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- EFF Dice-Generated Passphrases. Electronic Frontier Foundation (nonprofit). [EFF-DICE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- EFF's New Wordlists for Random Passphrases. EFF (nonprofit). [EFF-WORDLIST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Creating Strong Passwords (Surveillance Self-Defense). EFF (nonprofit). [EFF-SSD-PW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to: Enable Two-factor Authentication (Surveillance Self-Defense). EFF (nonprofit). [EFF-SSD-2FA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Top tips for staying secure online: Managing your passwords. UK National Cyber Security Centre (agency, non-US). [NCSC-PWMGR] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Three random words. UK NCSC (agency, non-US). [NCSC-3WORDS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use a strong and separate password for your email / Turn on 2-step verification. UK NCSC (agency, non-US). [NCSC-EMAIL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Passkeys: what you need to know. UK NCSC (agency, non-US). [NCSC-PASSKEYS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Recovering a hacked account. UK NCSC (agency, non-US). [NCSC-HACKED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Have I Been Pwned: Who, What and Why / FAQs. Have I Been Pwned, Superlative Enterprises Pty Ltd (independent service run by security researcher Troy Hunt). [HIBP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- My Verizon Website: Enable / Disable SIM Protection and Number Lock. Verizon (carrier). [VZ-LOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Help with T-Mobile account fraud (SIM Protection, Port Out Protection). T-Mobile (carrier). [TMO-LOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Learn about Wireless Account Lock. AT&T (carrier). [ATT-LOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
Account recovery, legacy access and backups
- Turn on 2-Step Verification. Google (platform maker). [G-2SV] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to recover your Google Account or Gmail; Tips to complete account recovery steps. Google (platform maker). [G-RECOVER-TIPS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Secure a hacked or compromised Google Account. Google (platform maker). [G-HACKED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Security Checkup. Google (platform maker). [G-CHECKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What to expect during account recovery. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ACCT-RECOVERY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Microsoft account security info and verification codes. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-SECINFO] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to get a Microsoft account recovery code. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-RECOVERY-CODE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reset a forgotten Microsoft account password. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-RESET] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fix problems signing into your Yahoo account; Reset or change your Yahoo password. Yahoo (platform maker). [YH-SIGNIN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Recover a Hacked Account. Meta (platform maker). [FB-HACKED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to add a Legacy Contact for your Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APL-LEGACY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Request access to an Apple Account as a Legacy Contact; Data that a Legacy Contact can access. Apple (platform maker). [APL-LEGACY-REQUEST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Request access to a deceased family member's Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APL-DECEASED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About Inactive Account Manager. Google (platform maker). [G-IAM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Inactive Google Account Policy. Google (platform maker). [G-INACTIVE-POLICY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Submit a request regarding a deceased user's account. Google (platform maker). [G-DECEASED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About legacy contacts on Facebook; Add, change, or remove your legacy contact. Meta (platform maker). [FB-LEGACY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reporting a deceased person or a Facebook account that needs to be memorialized. Meta (platform maker). [FB-MEMORIAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Accessing Outlook.com, OneDrive and other Microsoft services when someone has died. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-DECEASED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act, Revised. Uniform Law Commission (standards body for uniform state laws). [ULC-RUFADAA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Data Backup Options (US-CERT, 2012). CISA, produced by Carnegie Mellon University for US-CERT (agency). [CISA-BACKUP-OPTIONS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- StopRansomware (home page) and #StopRansomware Guide. CISA (agency). [CISA-STOPRANSOMWARE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- The 3-2-1 Backup Strategy of Data Protection. Backblaze (course vendor: commercial backup company; cited only as a widely read vendor explanation, no link with referral parameters). [BB-321] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What does iCloud back up?. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ICLOUD-WHAT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Backup methods for iPhone or iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APL-BACKUP-METHODS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to back up your iPhone or iPad with iCloud. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ICLOUD-HOWTO] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Manage your iCloud storage. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ICLOUD-STORAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to back up your iPhone or iPad with your Mac. Apple (platform maker). [APL-BACKUP-MAC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Back up your Mac with Time Machine. Apple (platform maker). [APL-TIME-MACHINE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Back up or restore data on your Android device. Google (platform maker). [G-ANDROID-BACKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How your Google storage works. Google (platform maker). [G-STORAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Back up photos and videos; Choose the backup quality. Google (platform maker). [G-PHOTOS-BACKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Delete photos and videos. Google (platform maker). [G-PHOTOS-DELETE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Open, save, or delete files on your Chromebook; Keep your downloaded files from being deleted. Google (platform maker). [G-CHROMEBOOK-FILES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Back up and restore with Windows Backup. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-WINDOWS-BACKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Getting the most out of your PC backup. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-PC-BACKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Backup and restore with File History. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-FILE-HISTORY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Windows 10 support has ended on October 14, 2025; Windows 10 Consumer Extended Security Updates. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-WIN10-EOS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Record a video with your iPhone camera; Change video recording settings. Apple (platform maker). [APL-VIDEO-FORMATS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple devices. Apple (platform maker). [APL-HEIF] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About Apple ProRes on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APL-PRORES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to turn on Find My on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. Apple (platform maker). [APL-FINDMY-ON] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to find your lost iPhone or iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APL-LOST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- If your iPhone or iPad was stolen. Apple (platform maker). [APL-STOLEN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About Stolen Device Protection for iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APL-SDP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find, secure, or erase a lost Android device. Google (platform maker). [G-FIND-HUB] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protect your personal data against theft. Google (platform maker). [G-THEFT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Refund and Recovery Scams. FTC (agency). [FTC-REFUND-RECOVERY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Have you lost money to a scam? Watch for scammers who say they can help. FTC (agency). [FTC-ALERT-2026-08] Checked 2026-10-19.
- A real FTC employee won't text you their photo ID to "verify" their identity. FTC (agency). [FTC-ALERT-2026-06] Checked 2026-10-19.
Devices, updates and home Wi-Fi
- Update Software. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (agency). [CISA-UPDATE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Understanding Patches and Software Updates. CISA (agency). [CISA-PATCHES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Update your iPhone or iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-UPDATE-IOS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Update macOS on Mac. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-UPDATE-MAC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Apple security releases. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-SEC-RELEASES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About software updates (Apple Platform Deployment). Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-DEPLOY-SWUPD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Vintage and obsolete products. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-VINTAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Learn when you'll get software updates on Google Pixel phones. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PIXEL-UPDATES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find when your Pixel device became available. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PIXEL-AVAIL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Check & update your Android version. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-VERSION] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Samsung Mobile Security: Security Updates, Scope. Samsung Electronics (platform maker). [SAMS-SEC-SCOPE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Auto Update policy (ChromeOS). Google (platform maker). [GOOG-CB-AUE-POLICY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Check your Chromebook's update schedule. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-CB-AUE-USER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Update your Chromebook's operating system. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-CB-UPDATE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Windows 10 Consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU). Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-ESU] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Windows 11 Home and Pro, Microsoft Lifecycle. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-W11-LIFECYCLE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Windows 11 specifications and system requirements. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-W11-SPECS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Install Windows Updates. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-WINUPDATE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use a passcode with your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-PASSCODE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set a passcode on iPhone (iPhone User Guide, iOS 27). Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-IPHONE-PASSCODE-GUIDE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Require a password after waking your Mac. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAC-LOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set screen lock on an Android device. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-SCREENLOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change display settings (Pixel), Screen timeout. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PIXEL-DISPLAY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Protect Your Phone From Hackers. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [FTC-PHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Stay protected with the Windows Security app. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-DEFENDER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Virus and threat protection in the Windows Security app. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-VTP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protecting against malware in macOS (Apple Platform Security). Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MACOS-MALWARE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Safely open apps on your Mac. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAC-SAFE-APPS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protect your Mac from malware (Mac User Guide). Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAC-MALWARE-USER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Malware: How To Protect Against, Detect, and Remove It. FTC (agency). [FTC-MALWARE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Spot, Avoid, and Report Tech Support Scams (cross-reference only). FTC (agency). [FTC-TECHSUPPORT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Understanding Anti-Virus Software. CISA (agency). [CISA-AV] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What is an antivirus product? Do I need one?. UK National Cyber Security Centre (agency, non-US). [NCSC-AV-PUBLIC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Antivirus and other security software (Device Security Guidance). UK NCSC (agency, non-US). [NCSC-AV-ORG] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use Google Play Protect to help keep your apps safe & your data private. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PLAY-PROTECT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Download apps to your Android device. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-APPS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change app permissions on your Android phone. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-PERMS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Manage permissions from the privacy dashboard. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PRIVACY-DASH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Control access to information in apps on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-IOS-PERMS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- If an app asks to track your activity. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-ATT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About alternative app distribution. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-ALT-DIST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Install and manage extensions (Chrome Web Store Help). Google (platform maker). [GOOG-CHROME-EXT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Safety Check for an iPhone with iOS 16 or later (Apple Personal Safety User Guide). Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-SAFETY-CHECK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Checklist 1: Limit device and account access. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-SAFETY-CHECKLIST] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Make your account more secure (Security Checkup). Google (platform maker). [GOOG-SEC-CHECKUP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- See devices with account access. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-DEVICES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Manage links between your Google Account & apps from other developers. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-THIRDPARTY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Manage your Location Sharing settings. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-LOCSHARE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find unknown trackers. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-UNKNOWN-TRACKER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Personal Safety app (Pixel). Google (platform maker). [GOOG-PERSONAL-SAFETY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What to do before you sell, give away, or trade in your iPhone or iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-SELL-IPHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Erase your Mac and reset it to factory settings. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-ERASE-MAC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reset your Android device to factory settings. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-RESET] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reset your Chromebook to factory settings. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-CB-POWERWASH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reset your PC. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-PC-RESET] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Remove Your Personal Information Before You Get Rid of Your Phone. FTC (agency). [FTC-DISPOSE-PHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Remove Your Personal Information Before You Get Rid of Your Computer. FTC (agency). [FTC-DISPOSE-COMPUTER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Secure Your Home Wi-Fi Network. FTC (agency). [FTC-HOME-WIFI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Home Network Security. CISA (agency). [CISA-HOME-NETWORK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Securing Wireless Networks; Securing the Internet of Things. CISA (agency). [CISA-WIRELESS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cyber Criminal Proxy Services Exploiting End of Life Routers (Public Service Announcement). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (agency). [FBI-EOL-ROUTERS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Are Public Wi-Fi Networks Safe? What You Need To Know. FTC (agency). [FTC-PUBLIC-WIFI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Choosing the VPN That's Right for You (Surveillance Self-Defense). Electronic Frontier Foundation (nonprofit). [EFF-SSD-VPN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Shopping for a VPN app? Read this (FTC consumer blog, February 2018). FTC (agency). [FTC-VPN-2018] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Securing Your Internet-Connected Devices at Home. FTC (agency). [FTC-IOT-HOME] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Secure Your Home Security Cameras. FTC (agency). [FTC-CAMERAS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- FCC Selects New Lead Administrator for U.S. Cyber Trust Mark Program (news release); Public Notices DA 26-18 and DA 26-75. Federal Communications Commission (agency). [FCC-CTM-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change the font size on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-TEXT-SIZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Magnify or get information about things around you with Magnifier on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAGNIFIER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set up Assistive Access on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-ASSISTIVE-ACCESS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Get started with accessibility features on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-A11Y-IPHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change text & display settings (Android Accessibility Help). Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-TEXT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Magnification on Android. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-MAGNIFY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Android accessibility overview. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-A11Y] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Using Easy Mode on my Galaxy Phone (Samsung Australia). Samsung (platform maker). [SAMS-EASY-MODE] Checked 2026-10-19.
Scams, identity protection and what to do when something goes wrong
- 2025 IC3 Annual Report (FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (agency). [E-IC3-2025] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Elder Fraud (IC3 crime information page). FBI IC3 (agency). [E-IC3-ELDERPAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- FTC prepared statement, "The Rising Scam Economy" (Joint Economic Committee). Federal Trade Commission (agency). [E-FTC-JEC-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- FTC Data Show People Reported Losing $3.5 Billion to Imposter Scams in 2025. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [E-FTC-IMPOSTER-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [E-CSN-2024] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protecting Older Consumers 2024-2025: A Report of the Federal Trade Commission. Federal Trade Commission (agency), report to Congress. [E-FTC-OLDER-2025] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Avoid a Scam. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-AVOID] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Phone Scams (payment-method rule). FTC (agency). [E-FTC-PHONE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protect Yourself from Social Security Scams. Social Security Administration and SSA Office of the Inspector General (agency). [E-SSA-SCAM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Avoid a Government Impersonation Scam. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-GOVIMP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Scammers Impersonating Law Enforcement and Government Officials in Fraud Schemes (I-091726-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-IMP-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- FBI Warns of Scammers Impersonating the IC3 (I-072026-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-IC3IMP-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Got a call about fraud activity on your bank account? It could be a scammer. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-BANKIMP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- "Phantom Hacker" Scams Target Senior Citizens and Result in Victims Losing their Life Savings (I-091223-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-PHANTOM] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Scammers Use Fake Emergencies To Steal Your Money. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-FAMILY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Criminals Use Generative Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Financial Fraud (I-120324-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-GENAI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What To Know About Romance Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-ROMANCE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What To Know About Cryptocurrency and Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-CRYPTO] Checked 2026-10-19.
- IC3 Cryptocurrency Kiosk Complaint Data By State (I-051526-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-KIOSK-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Scammers Use Couriers to Collect Cash in Cryptocurrency Investment Scams (I-061526-PSA). FBI (agency). [E-FBI-PSA-COURIER-2026] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Is that unexpected text a scam? / Got a text about unpaid tolls? It's probably a scam. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-TEXTS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to Recognize and Report Spam Text Messages. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-SPAMTEXT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Recognize and Avoid Phishing Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-PHISH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fake Prize, Sweepstakes, and Lottery Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-PRIZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How To Spot, Avoid, and Report Fake Check Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-CHECK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Job Scams / How to spot and avoid task scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-JOBS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Avoiding and Reporting Gift Card Scams. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-GIFT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- ReportFraud.ftc.gov. FTC (agency). [E-RF] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3.gov). FBI (agency). [E-IC3] Checked 2026-10-19.
- National Elder Fraud Hotline (Providing Help, Restoring Hope). U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime (agency). [E-DOJ-NEFH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- AARP Fraud Watch Network Helpline. AARP (nonprofit). [E-AARP-HELPLINE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Who do I contact for help with a scam or fraud?. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (agency). [E-CFPB-WHO] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Adult Protective Services referral: Eldercare Locator and NAPSA "Help In Your Area". Administration for Community Living (agency); National Adult Protective Services Association (nonprofit). [E-APS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How do I get my money back after I discover an unauthorized transaction or money missing from my bank account?. CFPB (agency). [E-CFPB-UNAUTH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Electronic Fund Transfers FAQs (Regulation E): unauthorized EFTs. CFPB (agency), compliance guidance for institutions. [E-CFPB-EFTFAQ] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Helpful tips for using mobile payment services and avoiding risky mistakes. CFPB (agency). [E-CFPB-P2P] Checked 2026-10-19.
- What To Do if You Were Scammed. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-SCAMMED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Credit Freezes and Fraud Alerts. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-FREEZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Equifax Security Freeze. Equifax (credit bureau; product fact). [E-EQ-FREEZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Experian: Freeze or Unfreeze Your Credit File for Free. Experian (credit bureau). [E-EX-FREEZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- TransUnion Credit Freeze. TransUnion (credit bureau). [E-TU-FREEZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- AnnualCreditReport.com and FTC "Free Credit Reports". Central Source LLC for the three bureaus (official source under federal law); FTC (agency). [E-ACR] Checked 2026-10-19.
- IdentityTheft.gov. FTC (agency). [E-IDT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Get an identity protection PIN. Internal Revenue Service (agency). [E-IRS-IPPIN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fraud Prevention and Reporting (SSA): my Social Security and account blocks. Social Security Administration (agency). [E-SSA-FRAUD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Informed Delivery by USPS. U.S. Postal Service (agency). [E-USPS-ID] Checked 2026-10-19.
- ChexSystems Security Freeze. Chex Systems, Inc. (consumer reporting agency for bank accounts). [E-CHEX] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Reporting Medicare fraud & abuse. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (agency). [E-MEDICARE-FRAUD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Senior Medicare Patrol National Resource Center. SMP National Resource Center, funded by ACL/HHS (nonprofit with federal grant). [E-SMP] Checked 2026-10-19.
- If you think your Apple Account has been compromised. Apple (platform maker). [E-APPLE-HACKED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- If someone you care about paid a scammer, here's how to help. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-HELPOTHERS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Pass It On. FTC (agency). [E-FTC-PASSITON] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Money Smart for Older Adults (FDIC and CFPB). FDIC and CFPB (agencies). [E-MSOA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How can I tell if a friend, neighbor, or family member is a victim of financial exploitation? / Protecting older adults from fraud. CFPB (agency). [E-CFPB-SIGNS] Checked 2026-10-19.
Checking what you read online
- SIFT (The Four Moves). Mike Caulfield, Hapgood blog (practitioner; origin of the method). [F-SIFT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Media Literacy: Lateral Reading; SIFT; Fact Checking Sites (research guide). Princeton University Library (university). [F-PRINCETON-LATERAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Verified: How to Think Straight, Get Duped Less, and Make Better Decisions about What to Believe Online. Mike Caulfield and Sam Wineburg; University of Chicago Press, 2023 (book). Listing on a BYU history department page; review in LOEX Quarterly 52(2), 2025, by Glenn Koelling (University of New Mexico). [F-VERIFIED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Lateral Reading and the Nature of Expertise: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information. Sam Wineburg and Sarah McGrew, Stanford University (researcher); published in Teachers College Record 121(11), 2019. [F-WINEBURG-MCGREW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- A digital media literacy intervention for older adults improves resilience to fake news. Ryan C. Moore and Jeffrey T. Hancock, Stanford University; Scientific Reports 12 (researcher). [F-MOORE-HANCOCK] Checked 2026-10-19.
- MediaWise for Seniors. Poynter Institute, MediaWise (nonprofit). [F-MEDIAWISE-SENIORS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Search with an image on Google. Google (platform maker). [F-GOOGLE-LENS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Using Bing Visual Search. Microsoft (platform maker). [F-BING-VISUAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How do I search on TinEye?; Differences between TinEye and Google Search By Image; About the TinEye index; Is TinEye free to use?. TinEye (Idée Inc.) (platform maker). [F-TINEYE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Scammers use AI to enhance their family emergency schemes. Federal Trade Commission, Alvaro Puig (agency). [F-FTC-VOICE-2023] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fighting back against harmful voice cloning. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [F-FTC-VOICE-2024] Checked 2026-10-19.
- C2PA FAQ; C2PA home page; Content Credentials. Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity, a Joint Development Foundation project (standards body). [F-C2PA-FAQ] Checked 2026-10-19.
- C2PA and Content Credentials Explainer (specification version 2.4). C2PA (standards body). [F-C2PA-EXPLAINER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Media Literacy: Generative AI. Princeton University Library (university). [F-PRINCETON-AI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Native Advertising: A Guide for Businesses. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [F-FTC-NATIVE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Blurred Lines: An Exploration of Consumers' Advertising Recognition in the Contexts of Search Engines and Native Advertising (FTC staff…. Federal Trade Commission staff (agency). [F-FTC-BLURRED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Cyber Criminals Impersonating Brands Using Search Engine Advertisement Services to Defraud Users (I-122122-PSA). FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (agency). [F-FBI-PSA-SEARCHADS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Learn more about a web page. Google (platform maker). [F-GOOGLE-ABOUT-RESULT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About advertiser verification. Google (platform maker). [F-GOOGLE-ADVERTISER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Online Shopping. Federal Trade Commission (agency). [F-FTC-SHOPPING] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Evaluating Health Information. National Library of Medicine, NIH (agency). [F-MEDLINEPLUS-EVAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Evaluating Internet Health Information: A Tutorial from the National Library of Medicine. National Library of Medicine, NIH (agency). [F-MEDLINEPLUS-TUTORIAL] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Know the Science: Are You Reading News or Advertising?. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH (agency). [F-NCCIH-NEWS-AD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Know the Science: Finding Health Information Online (introduction). NCCIH, NIH (agency). [F-NCCIH-ONLINE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Health Fraud Scams. US Food and Drug Administration (agency). [F-FDA-HEALTH-FRAUD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- IFCN Code of Principles: the commitments. International Fact-Checking Network at the Poynter Institute (nonprofit). [F-IFCN-CODE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- IFCN verified signatories (data feed behind the signatories page). IFCN, Poynter Institute (nonprofit). [F-IFCN-SIGNATORIES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About Us. Snopes Media Group (news organization). [F-SNOPES] Checked 2026-10-19.
- The Principles of the Truth-O-Meter: PolitiFact's methodology for independent fact-checking. PolitiFact, Poynter Institute (news organization). [F-POLITIFACT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Our Mission. FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania (university project). [F-FACTCHECKORG] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use Generative AI Effectively: Evaluate information found using AI. Grace Doherty Library, Centre College (university). [F-CENTRE-AI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Generative AI and Information Literacy: Can I trust this?. UC Irvine Libraries (university). [F-UCI-GENAI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find information in faster & easier ways with AI Overviews in Google Search. Google (platform maker). [F-GOOGLE-AIO] Checked 2026-10-19.
Writing and design for readers new to technology
Used for how this manual is written and laid out.
- Older Users and Web Accessibility: Meeting the Needs of Ageing Web Users. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (standards body). [G-WAI-OLDER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Developing Websites for Older People: How Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Applies. W3C WAI (standards body). [G-WAI-DEVELOPING] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2. W3C (standards body). [G-WCAG22] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Making Content Usable for People with Cognitive and Learning Disabilities. W3C (standards body). [G-WAI-COGA] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Plain language guide series (Principles; Writing for understanding; Design for understanding; Test for understanding). Digital.gov, US General Services Administration (agency). [G-DIGITALGOV-PLAIN] Checked 2026-10-19.
- GSA/plainlanguage.gov repository (archived). US General Services Administration (agency). [G-PLAIN-ARCHIVE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- The CDC Clear Communication Index. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (agency). [G-CDC-CCI] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Usability for Older Adults: Challenges and Changes. Nielsen Norman Group, Lexie Kane (practitioner research firm). [G-NNG-OLDER-2019] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Usability for Senior Citizens: Improved, But Still Lacking. Nielsen Norman Group, Jakob Nielsen (practitioner research firm). [G-NNG-SENIORS-2013] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Touch Targets on Touchscreens. Nielsen Norman Group (practitioner research firm). [G-NNG-TOUCH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Promoting Digital Literacy for Adult Learners: A Resource Guide. Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy and Digital Promise (nonprofit). [G-BBF-GUIDE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Writing step-by-step instructions (Microsoft Writing Style Guide). Microsoft (platform maker). [G-MS-STYLE-STEPS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Procedures (Google developer documentation style guide). Google (platform maker). [G-GOOGLE-STYLE-PROCEDURES] Checked 2026-10-19.
Added at the build (2026-10-19)
Pages fetched to fill gaps the outline listed: device paths, spam filtering, Samsung, AOL, trusted contacts and the domestic violence hotline.
- Get information about your iPhone; Find the model number of your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-ABOUT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Manage storage on iPhone; How to check the storage on your iPhone and iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-STORAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Screen and filter text messages on iPhone. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-FILTER-SENDERS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Screen and block calls on iPhone; Block phone numbers, contacts, and emails on your iPhone or iPad. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-SILENCE-CALLERS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Back up and restore iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with your Windows device or iCloud; How to back up your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with…. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-BACKUP-PC] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Increase font size and icons on Mac; Zoom in on your Mac screen. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAC-TEXT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change the size of text in Windows. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-TEXT-SIZE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use Magnifier to make things on the screen easier to see. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-MAGNIFIER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Free up storage on your Android device. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-ANDROID-STORAGE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Use caller ID & spam protection; Screen your calls before you answer them; Use Scam Detection. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-SPAM-CALLS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How Google protects your privacy with spam detection; Report spam in Google Messages. Google (platform maker). [GOOG-SPAM-MSGS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to locate your lost Samsung Galaxy phone or tablet; Use SmartThings Find to track, lock, or erase your devices. Samsung Electronics America (platform maker). [SAMS-FIND] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Samsung Encouraging Users to Activate Latest Anti-Theft Features (US newsroom); How to use Theft protection feature in Galaxy devices…. Samsung Electronics (platform maker); US newsroom release dated June 28, 2025; India support page "Last Update date: Sep 01. 2026". [SAMS-THEFT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- How to update your Galaxy phone or tablet. Samsung Electronics America (platform maker). [SAMS-UPDATE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Online and mobile banking tips for beginners; Reminder for steps you can take if you think your credit or debit card data was hacked. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (government agency). [E-CFPB-ALERTS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Investor Bulletin: Why You Should Consider Adding a Trusted Contact to Your Account. FINRA, with the SEC Office of Investor Education and Advocacy and NASAA (self-regulatory organization and regulators); dated August 25, 2025. [E-FINRA-TRUSTED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fraud protection tools for justice-involved individuals (CFPB handout); What is a credit freeze or security freeze on my credit report?…. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (government agency). [E-FREEZE-LAW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- National Domestic Violence Hotline (home page). National Domestic Violence Hotline (nonprofit hotline). [E-NDVH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Internet Safety; How to Clear Search History and Other Tech-Safety Tips. National Domestic Violence Hotline (nonprofit hotline); Internet Safety modified June 13, 2023; Tech-Safety Tips published August 15, 2025. [E-NDVH-TECH] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Fix problems signing into your AOL account; Reset or change your password; Recover a forgotten username; Add, replace or remove AOL account…. AOL (Yahoo Inc.) (platform maker). [AOL-RECOVERY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Add or disable 2-step verification for extra security; Secure your AOL account; Recognize a hacked AOL Mail account. AOL (Yahoo Inc.) (platform maker). [AOL-2SV] Checked 2026-10-19.
- About trusted phone numbers and trusted devices for Apple Account. Apple (platform maker). [APL-TRUSTED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Add or remove a recovery method (Yahoo). Yahoo (platform maker). [YH-RECOVERY] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find out which macOS your Mac is using. Apple (platform maker). [APPLE-MAC-ABOUT] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Find information about your Windows device. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-WINVER] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Set up and use iCloud Photos. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ICLOUD-PHOTOS] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Download iCloud photos and videos. Apple (platform maker). [APL-ICLOUD-DOWNLOAD] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Restore items backed up with Time Machine on Mac. Apple (platform maker), Mac User Guide. [APL-TM-RESTORE] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change or reset your password (Google Account Help). Google (platform maker). [G-CHANGE-PW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change your Apple Account password. Apple (platform maker). [APL-CHANGE-PW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change your Microsoft account password. Microsoft (platform maker). [MS-CHANGE-PW] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Change weak or compromised passwords on iPhone. Apple (platform maker), iPhone User Guide. [APL-DETECT-COMPROMISED] Checked 2026-10-19.
- After the service: certified copies, notifications and accounts (Learn Funeral Planning). Learn Things, Field Assembly LLC (sister manual, same publisher). [LFP-M11] Checked 2026-10-19.
- Protecting Consumers from SIM Swap and Port-Out Fraud, Order, DA 24-649 (WC Docket No. 21-341). FCC, Wireline Competition Bureau (government). [FCC-SIM-WAIVER-2024] Checked 2026-10-19.